Claude Ake (18
February 1939 in Omoku – 7 November 1996) was a Nigerian political
scientist. Ake gained a Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1966 and during his
life he held various academic positions at institutions around the world,
including Yale University (United States), University of Nairobi (Kenya), University of Dar es Salaam (Tanzania)
and University of Port Harcourt (Nigeria).
He was active in Nigerian politics and is well known for his work in studies
of development and democracy,
his overriding concern being Africa. He died in an airplane crash on flight 86 between Port Harcourt and Lagos in Nigeria.
Claude Ake, a prominent Nigerian political scientist who was a visiting professor at Yale, died on November 7, 1996 when the Boeing 727 on which he was a passenger crashed into a lagoon in a mangrove jungle 25 miles northeast of Lagos, Nigeria. He was 57, and his permanent home was in Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Ake (pronounced AH-kay) was one of 142 people killed when the
plane, operated by a local airline, Aviation
Development Company (ADC Airlines), crashed, leaving no
survivors. His death was widely believed to have been orchestrated by the then
military junta of Gen. Sani Abacha of whom Ake was an uncompromising critic. This is in addition to the fact that Ake
was a mentor to slain author, Ken Saro-Wiwa and a brain behind the Ogoni
agitations against exploitation.
While teaching at Yale he lived in temporary quarters on the
Yale campus.
He resigned from a commission appointed by the oil company Royal
Dutch/Shell to study the ecology of the oil-producing Niger Delta. He did so to
protest the execution of a minority rights activist, Ken Saro-Wiwa.
Ake was a critic of Shell and the oil industry. He is quoted as
saying, "In Nigeria, companies like Shell are struggling between greed and fear."
At his death, Ake was also the founder and director of the
Center for Advanced Social Science, headquartered in Port Harcourt, which is
the capital of Rivers State in southern Nigeria. Ake was born in Omoku, in that
state. He had gone to Port Harcourt to hold a meeting at the center and was on
his way back to the United States when he died.
The center is a think-tank for social and environmental
research. It also played a practical role, functioning in the early 1990s as an
honest broker concerning oil revenues and environmental issues between local
officials and representatives of several minority groups in the oil-producing
area in southeastern Nigeria.
Ake was also a critic of corruption and authoritarian rule in
Africa. He wrote in 1985, in an essay on the African state: "Power is
everything, and those who control the coercive resources use it freely to
promote their interests."
George Bond, the director of the Institute of African Studies at
Columbia University's School of International Public Affairs, said: "He
was one of the pre-eminent scholars on African politics and a scholar-activist
concerned with the development of Africa. His concern was primarily with the
average African and how to improve the nature of his conditions."
Ake founded the center in 1991, with the mission of fostering
development from within the social sciences on the African continent. Other
tasks set for it were to apply scientific knowledge to actual developmental
problems in Africa and to enable Africa to become more of a producer of
knowledge.
When the center was founded, its sole supporter was the Ford
Foundation. It is now supported by the Ford Foundation and other donors in the
United States and elsewhere. Mora McLean, a former Ford Foundation staff member
who is now the president of the Manhattan-based African-American Institute,
said that Ake was "not just an intellectual, he was a visionary."
At Yale, he taught two political science courses—one,
called State in Africa, which was for undergraduates and
graduate students, and another for undergraduates, about aspects of development
and the state in Africa.
The chairman of the Council on African Studies at Yale, David E.
Apter, who is also the Henry J. Heinz II Professor of Comparative Political and
Social Development at Yale, said of Ake: "In the very short time he was
here, he developed a following among the students, both graduate and
undergraduate, which was truly extraordinary. There were graduate students who
wept at his death. Everyone was really shocked. It was an amazing testimonial
to the man."
Apter said that Ake had "crackling intelligence and an
outspokenly severe view of African politics and nevertheless, underneath that,
a quality of understanding which was remarkably subtle and complex. But he was
able to communicate the complexity in a straightforward manner."
He added that Ake "was not only, in my view, the top
African political scientist, but an extraordinarily courageous person. The
Nigerian Government was often at odds with him, and nevertheless they
recognized his stature."
Ake specialized in political economy, political theory and
development studies. He was professor of political economy and dean of the
University of Port Harcourt's Faculty of Social Sciences for some years in the
1970s and 1980s after having taught at Columbia University, where he earned his
doctorate in 1966. His earlier education was in Nigeria and London.
Before becoming a dean at Port Harcourt, he taught at
universities in Canada, Kenya and Tanzania. Afterward, he held a variety of
posts, at the African Journal of Political Economy, and on the Social Sciences
Council of Nigeria end elsewhere.
His many writings included the book Democracy and
Development in Africa (Brookings, 1996).
His survivors included his wife, Anita, and three sons: Mela,
Ibra & Brieri all of Rivers State.
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